Definition of "chiccory"

I sent you the chiccory seed for trial, as it is so highly spoken of by A. Young and other British writers, […] In foreign countries an imitation of coffee is made, by grinding the dried and burnt roots, and mixing a little real coffee wih the ground roots.

1815 June, Richard Peters, “Original Letter from Judge Peters of Pennsylvania, with Remarks on the Culture of Chiccory, the Mangel Wurtzel or Scarcity Root, &c. [Addressed to the Hon. Josiah Quincy, Esq.]”, in The Massachusetts Agricultural Repository and Journal, volume III, number 4, Boston, Mass.: Published by the Trustees of the Massachusetts Society for Promoting Agriculture; printed for the Society, by Ezra B. Tileston, page 350

Chiccory, as gentlemen know, is a substitute for coffee, and is preferred by many people to coffee. It is recommended by physicians in many cases of nervous disease as a substitute for coffee for the use of those for whose nerves coffee is too violent, yet who are accustomed to that beverage when in health.

1872 May 9, [William Darrah] Kelley?, “Tariff and Tax Bill”, in F[ranklin] & J[ohn] Rives and George A. Bailey, editors, The Congressional Globe: Containing the Debates and Proceedings of the Second Session Forty-second Congress; […], part IV, Washington, D.C.: Office of the Congressional Globe, page 3240, column 2

In yet others the whole mass of the florets, central as well as external, has assumed this ray-like or strap-like form; and to this group belong the dandelions, hawk-weeds, salsifies, lettuces, sow-thistles, chiccories, nippleworts, and cat's-ears.

1886 November, Grant Allen, “Thistles”, in The Popular Science Monthly, volume XXX, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton and Company, […], page 108