Definition of "Pingrang"

The later Gaogouli period begins with the move of the capital to the later Pingrang (Pyongyang) in 427 and later Pingrang became the centre of a group of urban complexes on the […] Gaogouli, when the capital was moved from Heshenggu city to the hinterland (Guonei 國内) and the construction of the capital Yunayancheng 尉那岩城 began, to the year 427, when the Changshou King 長壽王 moved the capital to Pingrang 平壤 (Pyongyang) on the Datong 大同 (Taedong) river.

1999, China Archaeology and Art Digest‎, volume 3, number 1, page 95, column 2

The DPRK (Joseon Minjujui Inmin Konghuaguk 朝鮮民主主義人民共和國) is read in Chinese as Chaoxian minzhu zhuyi renmin gonghe guo, and its capital, Pyeonyang, is pronounced Pingrang 平壤.

2012, Endymion Wilkinson, “Introduction”, in Chinese History: A New Manual‎, 3rd revised edition, Harvard University Press, page 14

There are four weekly services to Pyongyang (; Pingrang; hard-sleeper ¥1164-1214, soft-sleeper ¥1692-1737). The K27 and K28 both leave twice a week from Beijing Train Station, meaning there’s a train on Monday, Wednesday, Thursday and Saturday.

2013 May, China (Lonely Planet)‎

The first capital of Old Joseon written in the Three Kingdoms (三國遺事) as Pyongyang (平壤) could be a replaced word of Pingyang (平陽) written in many ancient Chinese scriptures; “後徙晉陽，及爲天子，都平陽，於詩爲唐國.” The capital was described with different character 平穰 under the same phonetic by Korean in the Gwanggaeto Stele 廣開土王陵碑, but with different phonetic by the current Beijing dialect. It is a hint that Pingyang (平陽) could be a phonetic loan of Tungusic word. Geneology of “Peng clan 彭氏” has that their ancestor came or had been in the town “Pingrang 坪壤” and carry on their pedigree under the division called 彭祖坪壤彭氏.

2014, Lee Mosol, “Dangun Joseon (壇君朝鮮), Large Confederate State”, in Ancient History of Korea: Mystery Unveiled‎, Xlibris, page 32

When the Japanese armies captured Pingrang on 15th September, they discovered that 35 good field guns were left behind, together with hundreds of magazine rifles and hundreds more of breechloaders.

2017, Kenneth Swope, editor, Warfare in China Since 1600‎

When this situation was going on, a general called Lai Huer who was prepared to attack Gaoli by water route from Pingrang came to rescue after he heard that Yang Xuangan attempted to attack the capital.

2020 , Bin Li, “Capital Liaison Office and Ancient Postal System”, in Communication, Civilization and China: Discovering the Tang Dynasty (618-907) [唐代文明与新闻传播]‎, pages 37–38

Andong Protectorate (安東都護府) which had been created in Gaogouli's capital Pingrang (平壤) was moved to Liaodong gucheng (遼東古城) in 676 and Xincheng (新城) in 677, and the governments-general of Xiongjin (熊津都督府, Xiongjin Dudufu) was moved to Jian'an gucheng (建安古城).

2020, Yong-ku Cha, editor, The Borderlands of China and Korea: Historical Changes in the Contact Zones of East Asia‎, page 212