Definition of "Xisha"

If we use a mean monthly temperature ≥ 22°C as an index for the summer season, then there will be summer year round south of the Xisha Archipelago and two distinct seasons (summer and spring-autumn) occur north of it.

1986, Zhao Songqiao (Chao Sung-chiao), Physical Geography of China‎, Science Press, John Wiley & Sons, page 147

In 1974, the Chinese army forcefully ousted South Vietnamese forces from the strategically and economically important Xisha (Hoang Sa in Vietnamese Paracel in English) Islands in the South China Sea.²⁸ Although South Vietnam had occupied the islands for many years, one reason China chose to act in 1974 is that it did not want North Vietnam to occupy the Xisha Islands after unification, for that would have made it militarily and politically more difficult for China to gain control of the islands.

1988, Robert S. Ross, The Indochina Tangle: China's Vietnam Policy, 1975-1979‎, New York: Columbia University Press, page 26

In addition, the ROC maintains a historical claim to four groups of islands scattered over a vast area in the South China Sea that is surrounded by rich fishing grounds and gas and oil deposits. These are the Dongsha (Pratas) Islands 東沙群島, the Nansha (Spratly) Islands 南沙群島, the Xisha (Paracel) Islands 西沙群島, and the Zhongsha Islands (Macclesfield Bank) 中沙群島.

2011, “Geography”, in The Republic of China Yearbook 2011‎, New Taipei: Government Information Office, pages 24–25

The three islands’ beaches are more pristine than the litter-strewn, overbuilt coastline of southern China, Mr. Liu said. “On the beaches, the seawater is much cleaner than in any other places in China, and they are very romantic,” he said. “It is cheaper than Hawaii and Bali.“It also bears a special meaning to get married here in Xisha,” he continued, using the Chinese name for the Paracels. “These are our lands.”

2016 May 28, Jane Perlez, Yufan Huang, quoting Liu Shibiao, “China Promoting Tourism for Disputed Paracel Islands”, in The New York Times‎, archived from the original on 31 May 2016, Asia Pacific‎

“Based on annual military training arrangements, the military conducted exercises around the Nansha Islands and the waters and airspace of the northern part of the Xisha Islands,” said the spokesman, Wu Qian, using the Chinese names for the Spratly Islands and the Paracels to the north.

2020 August 27, Associated Press, quoting Wu Qian, “Report: China fires ‘carrier killer’ missile in disputed sea”, in The Washington Post‎, archived from the original on 30 November 2020, The Americas‎

Only last month, China established Xisha District (西沙) on Woody Island (Yongxing Island, 永興島) and Nansha District (南沙) on the reef, both of which fall under Sansha, a prefecture-level city established in 2012.

2020 May 27, Li-shih Lu, “China’s expanding military reach”, in Taipei Times‎, archived from the original on 03 June 2020, Editorials, page 8‎

Holotype. ♂, China, Hainan Province, Yongxing Island, Xisha District, Sansha City, 23-III-2017, coll. Bo CAI, yellow pan traps (NJFU). […] Etymology. The specific epithet is named after Xisha District, Hainan Province, where the species was first discovered.

2021 , Yu Zhou [周玉], Bo Cai [蔡波], Cuiqing Gao [高翠青], “A new species of Geocoris Fallén (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Geocoridae) from Hainan Province, China [中国海南大眼长蝽属一新种（半翅目：异翅亚目：大眼长蝽科）]”, in Entomotaxonomia [昆虫分类学报]‎, volume 43, number 1, published 2021, Invalid ISSN, archived from the original on March 06, 2024, pages 4-5

Sansha City has two districts, both created in April 2020.²¹² The Xisha District (西沙区) People’s Government is based on Woody Island and has jurisdiction over the Paracel Islands and Zhongsha Islands.²¹³ The Nansha District (南沙区) People’s Government is based on Fiery Cross Reef and has jurisdiction over the Spratly Islands.²¹⁴ Each district assumably has a district party committee as well.²¹⁵ Though publicly available information on these new districts is scarce, the establishment of Xisha District and Nansha District will likely improve Sansha’s administrative capacity and expand localized policymaking.²¹⁶

2021 January, Zoe Haver, “China Maritime Report No. 12: Sansha City in China's South China Sea Strategy: Building a System of Administrative Control”, in CMSI China Maritime Reports‎, number 12, China Maritime Studies Institute [中国海事研究所], archived from the original on January 05, 2021, page 29

On 18 April 2020, Chinese media reported on the State Council’s decision to set up two administrative units on islands in the South China Sea.⁷ This „major administrative move” meant that the Xisha district would be used for controlling Paracel Islands and surrounding waters and the Nansha district for governing the Spratly Islands and surrounding waters in the heart of the area contested by six regional countries.

2022, Dragana Mitrovic [Драгана Д. Митровић], “Pandemic's effects on China's foreign policy and its global power role”, in Srpska politička misao [Српска политичка мисао]‎, volume 29, number 75, archived from the original on May 14, 2022, pages 150-151