Definition of "carious"

[I]f no Acid be contain’d in the Blood how comes it, I beſeech you, that in Carious or Virulent Ulcers, the Silver Probe becomes inſtantly of a Livid Colour, which can only be effected by an Acid not an Alkalous Menſtruum?

1700, Charles Leigh, “Of Distempers”, in The Natural History of Lancashire, Cheshire, and the Peak, in Derbyshire: With an Account of the British, Phœnician, Armenian, Gr[eek] and Rom[an] Antiquities in Those Parts, Oxford: Printed for the author; and to be had at Mr. George West's, and Mr. Henry Clement's, booksellers there; Mr. Edward Evet's, at the Green-Dragon, in St. Paul's Church-yard; and Mr. John Nicholson, at the King's-Arms, in Little-Britain, book II, section IV (Of Acute Distempers in General, Particularly the Pestilential Fever Raging in Lancashire, in the Years 1693, 94, 95, 96), page 83

Our disease is democracy. It is not the skin that festers—our very bones are carious, and their marrow blackens with gangrene. Which rogues shall be first, is of no moment—our republicanism must die, and I am sorry for it.

1806 March 10, Fisher Ames, “To the Same [letter to Thomas Pickering]”, in Works of Fisher Ames. Compiled by a Number of His Friends. To which are Prefixed, Notices of His Life and Character, Boston, Mass.: Printed and published by T. B. Wait & Co. Court-Street, published 1809, page 512

My father’s museum contained several preparations of carious teeth.

1840, William Percivall, “Carious Teeth”, in Hippopathology: A Systematic Treatise on the Disorders and Lamenesses of the Horse; with their Modern and Most Approved Methods of Cure; [...], volume II, London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longmans, Paternoster Row, section IX (Diseases of the Teeth, Pharynx, and Esophagus), page 179

Many chinchillas suffer from carious-like changes of the cheek teeth and odontoclastic resorptions close to the gingiva […]. While carious defects typically lead to localized, brownish discolorations of the occlusal surface and the interproximal area, odontoclastic resorption of the teeth is characterized more by an appearance of the lateral surfaces of the teeth resembling moth damage […].

2015, Estella Böhmer, “Changes of the Cheek Teeth”, in Dentistry in Rabbits and Rodents, Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, page 179, column 1