Definition of "phanerogam"

Among phanerogams (seed plants), only two orders of gymnosperms, the Cycadales and the Ginkgoales, have ciliated motile sperm cells; all others (higher gymnosperms and angiosperms) have nonmotile sperm cells or sperm nuclei.

1977, Francesco D'Amato, Nuclear Cytology in Relation to Development, page 8

The stomach contents of the Selerikanka horse contained 116 taxa: 96 phanerogams, 20 cryptogams. Among the phanerogams were 12 tree species, 14 species of shrubs and dwarf-shrubs, as well as 72 species of herbs and very small dwarf-shrubs.

2003, Burkhard Frenzel, “History of Flora and Vegetation During the Quaternary”, in Karl Esser, Ulrich Lüttge, Wolfram Beyschlag, Jin Murata, editors, Progress in Botany, volume 65, page 591

Generally speaking, the ranges of most cryptogams are geographically broader than those of phanerogams, and many more species are widely disjunct over the world.

2005, Mark Nuttall, Encyclopedia of the Arctic, unnumbered page